Patient Question
"After a blow to the head from an accident or fall, how can I tell if an injury requires urgent neurosurgical assessment?"
What You Should Know
A head injury can range from a mild concussion (a temporary disruption in brain function) to an intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding inside the skull that places critical pressure on brain tissue). Because the skull is a rigid bone box, any internal bleeding or brain swelling can rapidly increase pressure. While a mild bump with a brief headache is common, certain "red flag" symptoms indicate that deeper intracranial trauma may have occurred and must be evaluated without delay.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
Warning Signs & Clinical Indicators
- Any loss of consciousness, even if brief (seconds to minutes).
- Repeated episodes of vomiting or persistent nausea following the impact.
- Worsening headache that does not respond to ordinary pain relief.
- Unequal pupil size, double vision, or slurred speech.
- Weakness, numbness, or clumsiness in any arm or leg.
- Clear fluid or blood draining from the nose or ear.
- Any seizure, convulsion, or unusual confusion and behavioral change.
What Happens Next?
When you arrive at an emergency facility or clinic for evaluation, a non-contrast Brain CT scan is the standard diagnostic imaging modality to rapidly rule out fractures, epidural hematomas, or subdural bleeding. If imaging is clear, careful clinical observation and cognitive rest are advised. If bleeding or mass effect is identified, Dr. Shitsama will assess whether urgent surgical evacuation (craniectomy/craniotomy) or intensive monitoring is necessary.
Key Takeaway
Never ignore a head injury accompanied by loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, or progressive confusion. Immediate CT neuroimaging is the definitive step to ensure patient safety.
Have Questions About Your Symptoms?
Consult with Dr. Sylvia Shitsama at Sage Brain & Spine Clinic, KNH Doctors Plaza, 4th Floor Suite 43, Hospital Road, Nairobi (Adjacent to National Bank).
